Category Archives: Articles

Hydraulic Fracturing: Health Risks, Regulations & Career Impact

Hydraulic Fracturing: Health Risks, Regulations & Career Impact
Hydraulic fracturing extracts natural gas and oil from deep shale rock by drilling vertically, then horizontally, and pumping high-pressure fluid to fracture the formations. Now producing 67–79% of US natural gas and 50% of crude oil, the technology has transformed American energy independence. However, peer-reviewed research increasingly links fracking operations to elevated childhood cancer rates,…
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Aerial Photography in Environmental Science: A Complete Guide

Aerial Photography in Environmental Science: A Complete Guide
Aerial photography involves capturing images of the Earth's surface from aircraft, drones, or other elevated platforms. It's used across environmental science—from tracking climate change and mapping vegetation to archaeological surveys and urban planning. Images are taken either obliquely (at an angle) or vertically (straight down), with each method serving different research needs. When paired with…
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Understanding Drought in the United States: Types, History, and Impact

Understanding Drought in the United States: Types, History, and Impact
Drought is a temporary period when water availability falls below normal levels for a region, affecting humans, agriculture, and ecosystems. The United States experiences four types of drought—meteorological, agricultural, hydrological, and socioeconomic—each triggered by different conditions and impacting different sectors. While cyclical in nature, droughts have grown more intense due to climate change and increasing…
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Dendrochronology: How Tree Rings Reveal Environmental History

Dendrochronology: How Tree Rings Reveal Environmental History
Dendrochronology is the scientific analysis of tree-ring patterns to date wood samples and reconstruct past environmental conditions. Students from archaeology, climate science, chemistry, and forestry use dendrochronology in their research. Tree rings reflect annual growth influenced by climate, enabling scientists to date artifacts, calibrate radiocarbon testing, and study historical climate patterns spanning thousands of years.…
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GIS in Environmental Science: Principles, Applications, and Career Pathways

GIS in Environmental Science: Principles, Applications, and Career Pathways
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are specialized software tools that environmental scientists use to visualize, analyze, and interpret spatial data. GIS has become essential across environmental science specializations, enabling professionals to track species migration, model climate patterns, plan conservation efforts, and assess environmental impacts. Most environmental science programs now include GIS training at undergraduate or graduate…
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Solar Energy Advantages and Disadvantages

Solar Energy Advantages and Disadvantages
Solar energy converts sunlight into electricity through photovoltaic cells or solar thermal systems. Its main advantages include zero emissions and solar costs are now well below those of new coal and natural gas plants. The key drawback is intermittency — no generation at night — and upfront installation cost, though the 30% federal Investment Tax…
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El Niño and La Niña’s Impact on Our Environment

El Niño and La Niña’s Impact on Our Environment
El Niño and La Niña are opposite phases of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), a climate pattern affecting ocean temperatures and atmospheric pressure in the equatorial Pacific every 3-7 years. El Niño brings warmer waters and disrupted trade winds, while La Niña brings cooler temperatures and stronger winds. Both phenomena significantly impact global weather…
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International Environmental Science Programs: Study Abroad, Field Schools & Research

International Environmental Science Programs: Study Abroad, Field Schools & Research
International environmental science programs offer students field research, internships, and volunteer opportunities across six continents. Options range from accredited university exchanges (often covered by financial aid) to paid research positions and field schools costing approximately $3,000-8,000 for 4-12 week experiences. Most programs require 6-12 months advance planning for applications, visas, and funding. Whether you've been…
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Environmental Science Articles and Journals: Your Complete Resource Guide

Environmental Science Articles and Journals: Your Complete Resource Guide
Environmental scientists access current research through peer-reviewed journals (rigorously reviewed by scientists before publication) like Environmental Science & Technology and Journal of Environmental Engineering, while daily news comes from sources like Environmental News Network and ScienceDaily. Graduate students focus on specialized journals in their field, while undergraduates benefit from accessible sources like Scientific American that…
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How Radiocarbon-14 Dating Works

How Radiocarbon-14 Dating Works
Radiocarbon dating measures the decay of carbon-14 isotopes in organic materials to determine their age, typically within a range of 55,000-60,000 years. Developed in the 1940s by Willard Libby, this method revolutionized archaeology, environmental science, and climate research by providing accurate dates for wood, bone, pollen, and other organic remains. Today's Accelerated Mass Spectrometry (AMS)…
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