Agronomists are agricultural scientists who study plant cultivation, soil management, and crop production to maximize yield and sustainability. The median annual salary for agricultural and food scientists-the broader BLS category that includes agronomists-is $80,060 as of May 2024. The field projects 6% job growth through 2032, offering stable career opportunities for those passionate about agriculture and plant science.
Agronomy is defined as the science of cultivating and utilizing plants for various uses, including sustenance, fuel, and fabrics. If you're drawn to the intersection of biology, chemistry, and agriculture, a career in agronomy could be your pathway to making a tangible impact on global food systems.
What Does an Agronomist Do?
Agronomists study the numerous ways plants can be cultivated, genetically altered, and utilized to our advantage. While agronomists can specialize in different fields, most focus on increasing the quality and quantity of plants produced-particularly for food production.
The work combines laboratory research with hands-on fieldwork, creating a dynamic career that rarely feels routine. Typically, an agronomist will spend their workdays performing experiments on plants to improve their durability, longevity, and crop yield.
The goal is to provide the most lush, disease-free crops possible while maintaining environmental sustainability. This might involve testing new seed varieties, analyzing soil composition, or developing integrated pest management strategies.
Where Does an Agronomist Work?
Agronomists work in a variety of different environments depending on the exact nature of their job. They may observe plant life in the field-either on working farms or in research greenhouses-or perform experiments in agricultural laboratories. The work often involves traveling to farms or food processing facilities, which can mean exposure to outdoor weather conditions and proximity to heavy agricultural machinery.
Most agronomists work for private agricultural companies, seed developers, or crop consulting firms. Government positions are also available at the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), state agricultural extension services, and environmental agencies. Agronomists typically work a standard full-time schedule, though peak planting and harvest seasons may require additional hours. Field research can involve travel to rural areas, sometimes requiring overnight stays during critical crop development phases.
What Is the Average Agronomist Salary?
Agronomists fall under the broader Bureau of Labor Statistics category of agricultural and food scientists. As of May 2024, this occupational group earned a median annual salary of $80,060. The salary range varies significantly based on experience, location, and specialization.
Entry-level agronomists in the 10th percentile earn around $50,130, while experienced agronomists in the 90th percentile can earn $134,830 or more. The mean annual wage across all experience levels is $88,640.
Experience and advanced education can lead to career advancement-typically in supervising, research leadership, or administrative roles-and corresponding salary increases. Certified agronomists typically command higher salaries than their non-certified peers. Professional credentials such as Certified Crop Adviser (CCA) or Certified Professional Agronomist (CPAg) often result in a 10-15% salary premium.
Agronomy Careers & Job Description
Agronomy has evolved into a multi-disciplinary field focused on using plants for food, fuel, fiber, and land reclamation. Agronomists draw on expertise in plant genetics, plant physiology, meteorology, and soil science to solve agricultural challenges. The day-to-day work blends scientific research with practical problem-solving for farmers and agricultural businesses.
Core responsibilities include staying current with agricultural research literature and communicating with the scientific community about emerging crop management techniques. Agronomists regularly consult with farmers on cropping practices that increase economic returns while protecting environmental sustainability. This involves assessing new crop cultivars for their economic potential and practical limitations, then recommending farming techniques based on best management principles.
The technical aspects of the job involve collecting field samples and control samples-both biological specimens and non-living media-for laboratory analysis. Agronomists monitor how soil characteristics, water availability, and drainage patterns affect plant growth, then implement responsive crop management practices to enhance production. Soil and plant scientists often work closely with agronomists on these soil health initiatives.
Much of the work centers on soil testing and plant tissue analysis to determine precise crop nutrient needs. Based on these assessments, agronomists create and deploy targeted fertilizer programs that meet both crop requirements and environmental standards.
They also participate in training activities and prepare advisory information sessions for farmers, agricultural cooperatives, and industry groups. When crops underperform due to weather, pests, or management issues, agronomists evaluate the situation and sometimes provide documentation for insurance purposes.
For those interested in the engineering side of agriculture, agricultural engineers often collaborate with agronomists on precision agriculture technologies and equipment design.
Senior Agronomist Responsibilities
Senior agronomists leverage their broader experience base to take on management and leadership tasks. This includes creating positive and safe work environments, developing project scopes with detailed schedules and budgets, and navigating federal protocols and regulations on behalf of agricultural projects.
Senior positions involve overseeing the testing and calibration of field equipment and instruments, managing comprehensive recordkeeping systems, and creating business proposals to secure project funding. These agronomists ensure quality assurance across multiple field crews, organize field data tracking systems, and engage in report preparation, submittal, and peer review processes. They liaise with site stakeholders, supervise fieldwork activities including surveying and monitoring, and communicate findings to both internal teams and external partners through field status reports and presentations. Many senior agronomists also research emerging agricultural technologies, participate in policy and regulatory development committees, and contribute to research and educational program development.
What Is the Job Demand for Agronomists?
Employment of agronomists and agricultural scientists is projected to grow 6% from 2022 to 2032, roughly in line with the average for all occupations. This growth will generate approximately 6,900 job openings annually when accounting for replacement needs and new positions.
Several factors drive this steady demand. An increasing global population creates ongoing pressure to boost agricultural productivity and develop more resilient crop varieties. Biotechnology advances-including gene editing techniques, drought-resistant crops, and precision agriculture technologies-require agronomists to implement and refine these innovations in real-world settings. Climate change adaptation is creating new specializations in stress-tolerant crop development and sustainable farming systems. Additionally, the growing market for plant-based products, biofuels, and industrial fiber applications continues to expand career opportunities beyond traditional food production.
What Agronomy Degree Options Exist?
At a minimum, agronomists require a Bachelor's degree. The most direct path is attending a land-grant university with established agricultural programs and obtaining a degree in agronomy, agricultural sciences, or crop and soil sciences. However, related majors also provide appropriate preparation, including biology, chemistry, botany, plant conservation, or environmental science. Regardless of major, research experience and laboratory work are essential components of undergraduate preparation.
Bachelor's Degree Requirements
Undergraduate programs should include coursework in soil science, plant physiology, genetics, chemistry, and statistics. Many programs incorporate practical field experience through internships with agricultural cooperatives, seed companies, or USDA research facilities.
Developing computer skills is increasingly important, as modern agronomy relies heavily on data analysis, geographic information systems (GIS), and precision agriculture software. Students should also seek opportunities to develop communication and teamwork skills, as agronomists regularly work in collaborative environments and present findings to diverse audiences.
Graduate Studies
Attending graduate school is highly recommended for career advancement, particularly for roles in research, product development, or university extension services. Master's degree options include specializations in soil science, crop science, plant breeding, sustainable agriculture, or agricultural systems management. Some agronomists pursue graduate degrees in related fields such as plant pathology, entomology, or agricultural economics to develop complementary expertise.
For those interested in research careers or the broader field of food production, exploring agricultural and food science graduate programs may open additional career pathways.
Professional Certifications
While not required, professional certifications significantly enhance career prospects and earning potential. The American Society of Agronomy (ASA) offers the Certified Crop Adviser (CCA) credential, which requires passing examinations in nutrient management, soil and water management, integrated pest management, and crop management.
More advanced is the Certified Professional Agronomist (CPAg) designation, which requires a graduate degree, five years of professional experience, and demonstrated expertise in crop production systems. These voluntary credentials typically result in 10-15% higher salaries and access to senior consulting and management positions.
Related Degree Options for Agronomy
Essential Skills for Agronomists
Success in agronomy requires a blend of technical expertise, analytical thinking, and interpersonal skills.
On the technical side, agronomists need strong foundations in plant biology, soil chemistry, and agricultural systems. They must be comfortable with laboratory equipment, field sampling techniques, and data collection protocols. Increasingly, agronomists need proficiency with precision agriculture tools, GIS mapping software, and statistical analysis programs.
Analytical skills are critical for interpreting soil tests, diagnosing crop problems, and evaluating experimental results. Agronomists must think systematically about how different factors-soil health, weather patterns, pest pressure, management practices-interact to affect crop performance. Problem-solving abilities help when working with farmers facing yield challenges or developing recommendations for unfamiliar growing conditions.
Soft skills matter tremendously in this field. Agronomists regularly explain complex scientific concepts to farmers, agricultural retailers, and farm managers who may not have technical backgrounds.
The ability to translate research findings into practical, economically viable recommendations requires both scientific expertise and communication finesse. Teamwork is essential, as agronomists collaborate with plant biologists, agricultural engineers, and other specialists on research projects. Time management and organizational skills help when juggling multiple farm clients, research projects, and seasonal deadlines.
Career Advancement Opportunities
Agronomy offers multiple pathways for professional growth. Many agronomists begin in field research or farm consulting roles, then advance to senior agronomist or research scientist positions after gaining 5-7 years of experience. From there, career paths diverge based on interests and strengths.
Technical specialists deepen their expertise in areas like precision agriculture, soil health management, or plant breeding. These roles often involve leading research projects, developing new products or protocols, and serving as subject matter experts within organizations. Research directors oversee agricultural research programs, manage teams of scientists, and secure grant funding for long-term projects.
Management-focused agronomists transition into roles like regional agronomy manager, overseeing teams of field agronomists across multiple states or territories. Others move into agricultural sales and product development for seed companies, fertilizer manufacturers, or agricultural technology firms, where agronomic expertise informs product strategies. Some experienced agronomists establish independent consulting practices, advising large-scale farming operations or serving as expert witnesses in agricultural disputes.
Academic careers are another option. With a PhD, agronomists can pursue faculty positions at land-grant universities, combining teaching, research, and extension work. University extension agronomists bridge research and practice, translating scientific findings into recommendations for local farming communities.
Consider these questions when planning your career path:
- Do you prefer hands-on fieldwork or laboratory-based research?
- Are you more interested in solving immediate farm problems or conducting long-term research?
- Do you enjoy teaching and extension work, or prefer focusing solely on technical work?
- Are you drawn to the business side of agriculture, or do you want to stay focused on the science?
Agronomy Specializations
Modern agronomy encompasses several distinct specializations, each addressing different aspects of crop production. Crop management specialists focus on optimizing production systems for specific crops-corn, soybeans, wheat, cotton-developing region-specific recommendations for planting dates, seeding rates, variety selection, and harvest timing.
Soil health and conservation agronomists work on maintaining and improving soil quality through cover cropping, reduced tillage systems, and nutrient management strategies that minimize environmental impact. This specialization has grown rapidly as agriculture confronts soil degradation and water quality concerns.
Precision agriculture specialists integrate technology-GPS guidance, variable rate application, remote sensing, soil mapping-to optimize inputs and maximize efficiency. These agronomists help farmers use data analytics to make more informed management decisions and reduce input costs.
Sustainable and organic crop production specialists develop agronomic practices that meet organic certification standards or regenerative agriculture principles. They focus on biological pest management, crop rotations, and soil-building techniques that reduce synthetic inputs while maintaining profitability.
What Kind of Societies and Professional Organizations Do Agronomists Have?
Agronomists and those exploring careers in agronomy can access valuable resources through several government agencies and professional organizations.
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
This federal agency leads on all issues concerning food, agriculture, rural development, and nutrition. The USDA provides employment opportunities for agronomists and maintains extensive databases on agricultural policies, research findings, and emerging technologies. Their Agricultural Research Service (ARS) conducts cutting-edge research in crop production and sustainability.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
This federal agency protects public health by regulating food safety standards and production practices. They provide current information about food production regulations that affect agronomic practices, particularly regarding pesticide residues and crop biotechnology.
American Society of Agronomy (ASA)
This scientific society serves as a universal resource for agronomists worldwide. Members access industry-specific information, continuing education programs, professional certifications (CCA and CPAg), and a career center with job listings and professional development resources. ASA publishes leading agricultural journals and hosts annual meetings where agronomists share research findings.
Institute of Food Technologists (IFT)
While focused broadly on food science, IFT provides agronomists working in food production with technical information and networking opportunities. The organization is particularly valuable for those interested in post-harvest crop processing and food safety.
Frequently Asked Questions
Do I need a PhD to become an agronomist?
No, most agronomy positions require only a Bachelor's degree, with many employers preferring a Master's degree for research or specialized roles. A PhD is typically necessary only for academic positions, university research faculty roles, or leading research programs at major agricultural companies. The majority of practicing agronomists in consulting, industry, and government positions have Bachelor's or Master's degrees.
What's the difference between an agronomist and an agricultural scientist?
The terms are often used interchangeably, but agronomists specifically focus on crop production and soil management. Agricultural scientists is a broader category that includes agronomists as well as food scientists, animal scientists, and agricultural engineers. Agronomists typically work directly with crop systems, while other agricultural scientists may focus on livestock, food processing, or agricultural equipment.
Can I become an agronomist with a biology degree?
Yes, a biology degree can lead to an agronomy career, especially if you've taken coursework in plant biology, ecology, chemistry, and statistics. Many agronomists enter the field through related degrees, including biology, botany, environmental science, or chemistry. However, you may need to supplement your education with agricultural courses or gain practical experience through internships with farms, agricultural companies, or USDA facilities to compete effectively for agronomy positions.
Where do most agronomists find employment?
Private industry employs the majority of agronomists, including seed companies, fertilizer manufacturers, agricultural retailers, crop consulting firms, and agricultural technology companies. Government employment is available through the USDA, state departments of agriculture, and cooperative extension services. Some agronomists work for environmental consulting firms on agricultural compliance projects or for non-profit organizations focused on sustainable agriculture. Academic positions exist at land-grant universities and agricultural research centers.
What certifications can boost my agronomist salary?
The Certified Crop Adviser (CCA) credential from the American Society of Agronomy is the most widely recognized voluntary certification, typically increasing earning potential by 10-15%. More advanced is the Certified Professional Agronomist (CPAg) designation, which requires graduate education and five years of experience. Note that these are professional credentials, distinct from state-mandated licenses. Pesticide applicator licenses are regulatory requirements (not voluntary certifications) for agronomists who make pesticide recommendations. Some specializations benefit from additional voluntary certifications, such as Certified Professional Soil Scientist (CPSS) for those focused on soil health.
Key Takeaways
- Competitive Median Salary: As part of the agricultural and food scientists occupational group, agronomists earn a median annual salary of $80,060 as of May 2024, with experienced professionals in specialized roles earning $134,830 or more, particularly when holding professional certifications like CCA or CPAg.
- Steady Job Growth: The field is projected to grow 6% through 2032, creating approximately 6,900 annual job openings nationally, driven by biotechnology advances, climate adaptation needs, and growing demand for sustainable agriculture.
- Educational Pathways: A Bachelor's degree in agronomy or related sciences is the minimum requirement, though Master's degrees significantly enhance career advancement opportunities, research positions, and earning potential.
- Diverse Specializations: Modern agronomy offers specialization options in precision agriculture, soil health management, sustainable crop production, and crop-specific consulting, allowing professionals to align their careers with personal interests and regional agricultural needs.
- Career Advancement: Agronomists can advance into senior research positions, regional management roles, independent consulting, agricultural sales and product development, or academic careers at land-grant universities, with professional certifications accelerating advancement timelines.
Ready to launch your career in agronomy? Explore accredited degree programs that combine classroom learning with hands-on agricultural research experience.
2024 US Bureau of Labor Statistics salary and job growth figures for agricultural and food scientists reflect national data, not school-specific information. Conditions in your area may vary. Data accessed January 2026.
